A surgeon is a specialist who treats illnesses, injuries, or emergency conditions in the body through surgical (operative) methods and medicines. To become a surgeon, a person must complete the education and profession of a general practitioner, then complete the education of specialist surgeons.
In practice, surgeons often receive referrals from general practitioners or other specialists regarding the condition of patients who need surgery. Then, the surgeon will make a diagnosis according to the expertise and knowledge possessed to determine whether or not the surgical procedure is performed.
In treating patients, the general surgeon is in charge of treating the patient before, during and after the surgical procedure. When the surgical procedure is performed, the surgeon works closely with anesthetists and nurses in the operating room to treat the patient.
Subspecialty Branch of General Surgeon
In addition to the general branch of surgery, a general surgeon can explore deeper skills and sciences which are divided into several sub-specialty branches, namely:
- Digestive surgery or gastrointestinal tract.
- Pediatric Surgery.
- Surgical oncologist.
- Neck head surgery.
- Breast surgery.
- Endocrine surgery, for hormone-producing glands including thyroid.
- Vascular surgery (vascular & endovascular).
- Emergency and injury (traumatology)
- Nursing and transplant surgery (organ transplants).
Actions performed by a surgeon
Some of the actions performed by general surgeons include:
- Provide consultation, information, and education to patients and their families related to the illness.
- Conduct disease diagnosis based on physical examination and supporting examination. These investigations include laparoscopy, endoscopy, radiological examination including ultrasound, X-ray, CT-scan, MRI, PET-scan, and laboratory examination.
- Biopsy (tissue sampling) for example in lumps or tumors in certain parts of the body such as bones, skin, intestines, or lymph nodes.
- Conducting therapy in the form of invasive surgery (open surgery) or minimally invasive (small incisions or even without incisions) and their complications. Surgery can be elective (scheduled early), or emergency (must be done as soon as possible).
- Surgery for appendicitis, hernias, mastectomy (breast removal), colectomy (removal of the large intestine), removal of the gallbladder, and amputation.
- Emergency surgery, as in the case of appendicitis perforation, peritonitis, liver abscess, ruptured esophageal varices, intestinal obstruction, gastric ulcer complications (bleeding or gastric leak), incarcerated hernias, and pneumothorax.
- Access to dialysis procedures through blood vessels or the abdominal cavity.
- Wound management and treatment including burns, wound infections, and postoperative wounds.
- Perform patient care before, during and after surgical procedures, including planning rehabilitation therapy for surgical cases.
Diseases Treated by General Surgeons
Surgical specialists handle diseases that require surgery as a treatment. Some of these diseases include:
- Appendix.
- Peritonitis.
- Heart abscess.
- Benign tumors, such as lipoma, fibroma, and adenoma.
- Tumors or cancer in certain organs, such as breast cancer, colon cancer, and stomach cancer.
- Hernia.
- Injuries / injuries such as stab and burn wounds.
- Congenital abnormalities (birth defects).
- Bile disorders, such as gallstones, infections and inflammation of the bile.
- Broken bones and bone dislocations.
Which Must be prepared Before Meeting the Surgeon
In order for the surgeon to decide whether surgery or other actions are necessary, patients will be asked to undergo a series of medical examinations, especially if they have:
- Heavy smoking or high blood pressure.
- Blood clotting problem.
- Diabetes or have high blood sugar before surgery.
- Obstructive sleep apnea where breathing may occur or choking during sleep.
- Drug allergies, including drug allergies.
- Heart, liver and kidney disorders.
Checks that are usually carried out before surgery include:
- Complete physical examination.
- Laboratory tests, including complete blood count and blood sugar.
- EKG (electrocardiogram) to assess the electrical work of the heart.
- Endoscopy.
- X-ray, CT-scan, MRI, and PET-scan.
During the consultation, some questions that need to be asked to the surgeon about the surgical procedure to be undertaken are:
- How is the surgery done?
- What type of incision is needed? Is open surgery, non-invasive or minimally invasive (only requires a small incision), or type of laparoscopy?
- Do you have to undergo fasting before surgery?
- Is this surgery risky?
- How long does the healing process take?
- How to treat postoperative wounds?
If you have both private and government-owned insurance for procedures performed by general surgeons, prepare the necessary documents so that the costs can be borne by the insurance party, according to the type of protection.
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